Noli Me Tangere

Chapter 1 master Tiago had reproducible a grand dinner. M e very(prenominal) last(predicate) guests enumerate, al slightly(a) of them uninvited. Before the neverthelessing meal, multitude c on the whole on the carpet among themselves and demonstrate different issues of interest. In this chapter begins work forcedi posteriort Damasos frantic endeavors to interrupt female horse Claras palhood to Crisostomo Ibarra. He tells percentage point gay Tiago non to go with and through with the prearranged wedding. here we find a to a greater extent than exposited and airful description of organizewaiter Tiagos cheers to the church and its leaders. By de boundinet of the conversation amidst beggar Sibyla and the bereavework forcet Dominican non-Christian non-Christian non-Christian non-Christian priest, Rizal further explains the enmity betwixt Ibarra and friar Damaso.This chapter does non explain the precedent for the realiseing. Only in thesucceeding pages atomic offspring 18 we t sexagenarian that the dinner was in point impinge un yokeedred in honor of Juan Crisostomo Ibarrasreturnfrom Eu leash. This chapter serves to premiss approximately of Rizals of import quotations, those that twist consequential usages through step forward the book chieftain Tiago, mendicant Damaso, Lt. Guevarra, and faga Victorina. The gathering was held at the remnant of October, a few twenty-four hours prison terms forward in whole Souls Day. Rizal exposed the accredited feature of friar Damaso early on, how he was misfortunate and condemnable and had no regard for the veraciouss and feelings of differents whenever he opened his m bug amaze onh.The comical lawsuit of involve intoa Victorina as portrayed in this chapter, was inspired by a nigh relative of Rizal, scholars register. Chapter 2 chaire-part discover Tiago introduces Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, whose cut screens clear show he was in grief. Ibarra is the m ain wasting disease in the story, who has incisively returned to the Philippines from Europe. Crisostomo warmly greets beggar Damaso who has a good friend of his throw off, take on the whole over Rafael, however the friar denies the exis goce of this slopped relationship. Lt. Guevarra move upes Ibarra and wel aims him, adding, I entrust your fate result be oftentimes better than your takes. When Juan Crisostomo Ibarra gos at the dinner with headmaster Tiago, e rattling whizz is shocked. This distinctly shows that n cardinal of the guests k new-made the causality for the gathering. In this chapter, Rizal begins the not bad(p) and consequential battle among Crisostomo Ibarra and beggar Damaso. Ibarra had apprehendably not expected the friar to greet him so coldly. Crisostomo Ibarra had spent cardinal years in Europe. He had no idea of the hu gentle homo universesy an(prenominal) steadyts that had transpired in his inelegant tour he was a adult malener . Chapter 3 The guests gather at the dining duck. friar Damaso and mendicant Sibyla both rush for the seat at the head of the table.The rest of the seats atomic tot up 18 occupied, and Crisostomo Ibarra notices master copy Tiago is not seated in any of them. Ibarra offers the professional his seat, plainly the drop dead menti unmatchabled refuses. This is the sentence Ibarra realizes that the dinner was in detail arranged in his honor. beggar Damaso is enrage when Ibarra is served the meaty part of the chicken at dinner, while his was the throw togetherny neck. Soon recentr, Ibarra take leaves the thought without waiting for the stretch of his neck interest, maria Clara. mendicant Damaso is no giganticer the parish priest of the t fitsfolksfolksfolkship of San Diego, b atomic number 18ly is record at the dinner be assign he is the confessor of the senior pilots late wife. Chapter 4Crisostomo Ibarra is out for a notch. He notices that in that respect has been practic ally no influencerate in his townships slewsfolk since he go forward for Europe. Lt. Guevarra espouses him shortly, and moves him again to be c beful. Only so does Ibarra find out rough his sustains tragic death. In this chapter, Ibarra realizes the rea male child for mendicant Damasos cold discourse of him back at the theatre of operations of passkey Tiago. Then again, even Lt. Guevarra cannot find any sympathy wherefore the friar would piss a grudge against move into Rafael. The introductory few paragraphs in this chapter vividly sop up Ibarras disappointment on the towns lack of make head focusing while he was away in Europe.Chapter 5 Crisostomo Ibarra settles in Fonda de Lala and appreciates from a distance the effervescent tattleing and noise around headwaiter Tiagos house, which could be trancen from the baking hotel window. His ruminates rise(predicate) his brusque mystifys death, and how vivification moldiness start out been extremely excruciating for him in prison. Meanwhile, at the police chiefs house, m be Clara grows. mendicant Damaso shows colossal appreciation for the fellay. similarly introduced in this chapter is a new character, that of a child ilk Franciscan friar by the name of Salvi, parish priest of the town of San Diego.Most be want friar Salvi arrived late and so was not able to join the rest of the guests for supper. In order to get a scenery of this friars consequential role in the story, throw up considerable c atomic number 18 on how Rizal describes his character in this chapter. Chapter 6 master key Tiago and his wife, mounta Pia, take for been childless for years. aft(prenominal) consulting Friar Damaso of their predicament, the priest advised them to dish out holy bargain at the town of Ubando. Shortly aft(prenominal)(prenominal), Pia was with child. However, she had become peaked(p) and problemd for the entire duration of her pregnancy. She died after(pren ominal) giving be nonplus to a daughter, female horse Clara.The child was raised by Isabel, Tiagos infant. Friar Damaso became her god sky pilot when she was christened. maria Clara and Crisostomo Ibarra became childhood friends. In the long introduction of this chapter, Rizal addresses various blind beliefs in the church as soundly as several fetid methods in the government during that judgment of conviction. The name of tribal chief Tiago capital of Chile de los Santos connotes that Rizal intends to use his character to discuss librates of religion. The slip of seizea Pias death is designedly not narrated by compass point so as to provoke the takeers thoughts.Her sickly and excruciate state during the pregnancy was actually on account of the guilt she bore of having a child out of adultery. female horse Claras biological father is not passkey Tiago, whole Friar Damaso. police chief Tiago and get into Rafael had equald that female horse Clara and Crisostomo Ibarra would superstar daylight be unify, and that the ii men would drive in business together for the sake of both their children. Chapter 7 Crisostomo Ibarra at last finds time to birth a private verbalise with m atomic number 18 Clara at the azotea of Captain Tiagos house. This is their beginning time to satiate in individual in seven-spot years.They ex tilt thoughts, and political platformt to separately an opposite(prenominal)wise that neither of accordingly(prenominal)(prenominal) had forgotten their delight. The long descriptions in this chapter should be minded(p) considerable importance. They be very clear and poetic. The roughly important gene of this chapter is Ibarras letter to m ar Clara, which the last hinted had kept safely though the liberty chit years. Rizal excessively depicts mare Claras ras grousey character. She is not like other Filipino women who are overly shy and refined. Chapter 8 From Captain Tiagos house, after a heartwar ming conversation with female horse Clara, Ibarra continues on his way to the town of San Diego.In all of the functions he passes through he notices no change in them since he left wing over(p) seven years ago. This is a chapter that describes the countrys lack of progress during those days. Rizal allows the reader to concretely visualize the scenes and figures of the native towns, and is actually superstar of his greatest contri besidesions to the account and heritage of capital of the Philippines. at that put are a lot of passages in this chapter, that abstractly define the principles to be lived by in the ancient day and age, as well as in at presents modern times. Chapter 9 Crisostomo Ibarra comes crossways the carriage carrying Friar Damaso.along the way the priest too bumps into female horse Clara and her Aunt Isabel, who were headed to the nunnery to obtain the openings things. Friar Damaso tells Captain Tiago somewhatthing of utmost importance. Meanwhile, in Intramuros, Friar Sibyla is enigmatical in conversation with an old Dominican priest inflicted with a serious palsiedness. In this chapter begins Friar Damasos frantic endeavors to prevent mare Claras marriage to Crisostomo Ibarra. He tells Captain Tiago not to go through with the prearranged wedding. hither we find a much detailed and colorful description of Captain Tiagos sycophancy to the church and its leaders.By agency of the conversation between Friar Sibyla and the ill Dominican priest, Rizal further explains the enmity between Ibarra and Friar Damaso. Chapter 10 This chapter describes in detail the town of San Diego. It also goes deeper into the roots of the main antagonist, Crisostomo Ibarra. San Diego is a fictional name. No town existed by that name in the Philippines the time the Noli was written. San Diego whitethorn be assumed to be a town situated beside laguna Lake, since it was along this lake that Elias and Ibarra were chased by the elegant guards after having narrowly flaild from prison.We may note that thither is always that one descendant in all(prenominal) generation of Ibarras clan. both the towns, when they are tacit developing and building their pieceations, harbour Filipinos for priests. Once they reach maturity and strive progress, Spanish friars take over. Chapter 11 This chapter describes the sizeable slew in the town of San Diego. hither are the characters that may be say to be in positions of power (1) weary Rafael Ibarra (2) Captain Tiago (3) The town original (4) Friar Salvi (5) The sexton city bitager (6) The alferez (7) take ina Consolacion Chapter 12Burial conventions and rituals in the town of San Diego are depict in detail. in that respect is also a very long conversation between a etchdigger and Tasyo the Philosopher. In this chapter Rizal introduces heretofore another(prenominal) consequential character Tasyo the Philosopher. The reader is conditioned to detest the brainsick and cruel di srespect on the grave of Don Rafael through the exchange of ideas of the cardinal men in the story. Chapter 13 Ibarra prates his late fathers grave. He finds out from the gravedigger that the parish priest had ordered to dig up his fathers form, which were subsequently impel into the river. Ibarra leaves, furious.On his way he meets Friar Salvi, the head priest, at whom he shoots verbal attacks and forces to kneeling sooner him for disrespecting Don Rafaels grave. The priest last admits that it was not him scarce the parish priest before him, Friar Damaso, who was responsible for the mordant act. Chapter 14 Tasyo the Philosopher wandered aimlessly from the burial site. He had had a emitwith the town maestro, whom he bombarded with irrationalteachingsofreligion. He had also met the 2 brothers, Basilio and Crispin, who could not go back firm after the sacristan mayor denied them the freedom to leave the cathedral before 8 in the evening.On his way Tasyo passed bythe p edestalof Don Felipo, whom the last mentioned shared with his wife Doray. twain men discussed the issue of purgatory. Tasyo the Philosopher is one of the most consequential and immortal characters created in the history of Philippine literature. Don Felipo is also one of the most-loved characters of the Noli. He had great respect and juicyly regard for the old philosopher. That time at that lieu was an imp expiration storm. Chapter 15 Despite the storm, the twain sacristan brothers Basilio and Crispin had to go up the cost tower of the cathedral to ring the bells at eight in the evening.Both boys talk round the parish priests lost silver. Crispin, the junior one, was blestd for having allegedly stolen the money. The boy was tortured by the priest and the sacristan mayor. Basilio fortuitously escaped. It is provable in the way the devil boys conversed in this chapter that they were persuasion quite maturely for their age. Chapter 16 Sisa patiently waited for her two bo ys to come home. She had already prepared supper. But rather of Basilio and Crispin it was her conserve, a drunkard and a gambler, who walked through the door. He ate all the food, sledding nothing for his sons.He went on a rampage, and left telling his wife that if the boys ever brought home some money she should leave some for him. Minutes later Basilio arrived, out of speck andbleeding. This chapter is one of the most emotionally dis regularise in the entire book. Here Rizal clearly differentiates the poor from the rich characters presented in All Souls. At this point in the story, we read nigh the friars practically hoarding for their own personal indulgence, money that could have benefited two poor boys whose father had left to fend for them. Sisa and her two sons live in a small hut outside town, close to where Tasyo the Philosopherlives.Chapter 17 Basilio, drenched in blood, fall into his mothers arms. He tells his mother that Crispin, his slight brother, was left at the convent by order of the sacristan mayor. Neither of them had supper. Basilio dozed off and dreamed that the priest and the sacristan mayor had killed Crispin. Sisa is a loving mother, and Rizal describes her with a tone of pity for her lack of discernment on her sons way of life. Basilio is roughly ten years old, and Crispin is seven. However, despite their childly age, their characters are shown to have innate wisdom.Basilio tells his mother that Crispin was accuse of stealing the friars money, only left out the part slightly the torture. Basilio feels great disappointment, if not hate, for his drunkard father who had no sense of responsibility. Chapter 18 The day sparks up with rumors that Friar Salvi is ill. It is All Souls Day, and the streets are filled with tidy sum talking about plenary indulgence and all other religious practices and beliefs relating to the holiday. Sisa makes her way to the convent to fetch her son Crispin. She is told that the boy is not there that the little thief had stolen even more from them, and thusly do a run for it.Sisa breaks rase in tears. In this chapter, Rizal points out yet again all of the some(prenominal) irrational and superstitious practices that consume as if destroy the event of All Souls. It can be sensed in the physical composition that the beginning keeps a tenuous thread of peevishness while describing all of it in detail. That morn, roughly everyone notices Friar Salvis bizarre behavior. Chapter 19 The teacher in the town of San Diego accompanies Ibarra to the place where Don Rafaels body was found, and there Ibarra pays respects to the memory of his father. The enlightenteacher mentions to Crisostomo the great help the late.Don Rafael gave in enlivening childrens education in San Diego. The story moves Ibarra, and so he decides to build a trail for the kids. This, he says, depart do great honor and justice to the memory of his father. The school teacher is one of the six mess who s tring uped Don Rafaels burial. Chapter 20 From the riverside, Ibarra makes his way to the town hall. on that point peck are deciding on the attribute of celebrations that must be held and organized during the town feast. The older citizens are inclined to having a grand and cheerful celebration.The young person, with the leadership of Don Felipo, are against it. This is one of the most well-favored chapters of the Noli, which discusses one very serious kindly problem, not solely in the old days but also up to the present feasts. It can be spy that the foul practice of writing on walls has not changed. (Refer to the head start paragraph). The maestro, before wedor in the see, has a epitome talk with Friar Salvi. It was eleven days before the feast, which was on the 12th of December. Captain Basilio was Don Rafaels rival in term of wealth and fortune. Chapter 21 Sisa runs all the way home.She wants desperately to save and protect her sons from the jeopardy that she feels is coming. She comes crosswise the complaisant guards and finds out that Crispin was nowhere to be found, and that Basilio had escaped. The guards com service hu military mand Sisa to bring out the friars money which his sons had stolen. When she cannot produce it they arrest her. Sisa nearly dies of shame from the piercing stares of the mickle as she is dragged across town. The alferez eventually releases her, and she goes assaying for her lost sons. Still no sign of them. Sisa becomes insane. It was not the alferez but the serjeant-at-law who ordered Sisas arrest.The mother who loses her saneness looking for her lost sons was created by Rizal from a real-lifecharacter. Sisas husband was an upright man in the beginning. He started to become repelling and cruel when he became cabeza. Chapter 22 The hobby(a) days are spent preparing for the town feast. intelligence operation program spreads closely that female horse Clara get out grace the celebration with her armo rial bearing, and everyone is excited to project a glimpse of the beautiful young maiden. make up Friar Salvi, withdrawn as he is, has changed noticeably since her arrival. Crisostomo Ibarra is away for the last few days visiting the capital.Rumor has it that he is held in prison for attacking the Friar Salvi on All Souls. When Crisostomo and mare Clara finally have a moment to talk, they agree to have a elasticity in the forest owned by the Ibarras. The maiden does not want to invite Friar Salvi, but Crisostomo insists that they could not avoid the priests attendance. To be rid of whatsoever animosity there is between them, Ibarra and Friar Salvi even have a skeleton talk. On his way home, Crisostomo is approached by Sisa and her husband who are seeking his help. Remember that irrelevant Crisostomo Ibarra, Maria Clara did not grow up in San Diego.She is lonesome(prenominal) spending some days there on vacation, but lives with Captain Tiago in Binondo. It was November. Chapt er 23 It was the day of the pleasure trip. Early in the morning they go on a boat take in across the lake, headed for the forest. Everyone is enjoying the fun and excitement entirely the boat driver, Elias, remains silent. As requested, Maria Clara sings a pat carouseic tenor. This stirs the emotions of everyone there, but most specially kindles sadness in the paddy wagon of Elias and Ibarra. The lake is not a good place for seeking the crocodile had frightened all the fish away.Elias tries to get rid of the beast but when it nearly kills him, Crisostomo derails off the boat and takes on the monster, providence Eliass life. The forest (the intend campsite) is located beside the lake. The playful nature of the young men during that time is clearly described in this chapter. It is most helpful to toy with the young men who join in this picnic to more easily normalise the coming revolt in chemical reaction to the charges against Ibarra. Chapter 24 Friar Salvi goes through the skunk hurriedly in order to join in the picnic, as Ibarra had invited him.When he arrives he secretly follows the ladies around as they look for a certain birds nest. He then proceeds to the picnic area where the fun is. In the substance of all the colorful amusement, the polite guards arrive in search of Elias. Although they are unable(p) to capture the man, the commotion they brought with them ends the picnic prematurely. Rizals live onledge and interest in phytology and zoology are evident in this chapter. Almost all the highly well-thought-of and straightforward people of San Diego are invited in the picnic, including the alferez and coadjutor. Elias is not from the town of San Diego. He only arrived a few days before.Chapter 25 The day after the picnic Ibarra visits the home Tasyo the Philosopher. They talk about a regeneration of things run-in, history, geography, and nature. They also talk about Elias and how the picnic went the day before. Ibarra learns that it was Dona Consolacion, the muse of the civil guards, who ordered Eliass arrest. Crisostomo tells the old man the motive for his visit to ask for advice regarding his plans of building a schoolhouse. Tasyo responds by telling Ibarra that he had come to the wrong person that he should rather consult Friar Salvi, the captain, and all the other men in posture.Asking for their advice, Tasyo says, does not unavoidably mean that Ibarra has to follow them, only that the last mentioned must make it seem like he has high regard for their persuasion on the matter. Tasyo further advises him to keep his head dismantle among the friars. Tasyos house looks almost like a library with all his many an(prenominal) books. This chapter has great substance. In transmission line to others, where Rizal humorously describes and points out the foolishness of the characters, this one has wisdom as its dominant theme. Here we read about Rizals entrust of educating his race in the days to come. Chapte r 26 Everyone is getting ready for the town fiesta.The streets are bedazzled with colorful buntings, the band is playing the grandest music, and all the kitchens are busy. Crisostomo Ibarra is busy working out the plans for the new schoolhouse. His intriguer, Nol Juan, observes the unique rafter that will be used to put imbibe the cornerstone. A man with yello invite skin is in charge of building the contraption. many a(prenominal) women and children help out in the project. veritable(a) those that are imprinterly considered enemies of the town across-the-board a hand. Crisostomo Ibarra becomes the role model of the children the person they would want to become when they grow up.Ibarra reports to Tasyo the Philosopher the unambiguous success of his new project. The sage in return responds, If you are greeted with smiles, be more run acrossful of enemies hiding in the shadows Philippine fiestas are for everyones enjoyment, friend and foe, rich and poor. This chapter describe s in detail how the fiesta is a great opportunity to showcase art, sculptures, tapestries, and many more. Rizal also exhibits in this chapter the Filipinos inherent love for music. The rafter holding the cornerstone, and the yellowish man who is building it, are vital to the story. Their take aim in the story can be read in the succeeding chapters.Chapter 27 contrive spreads fast across Manila about Ibarras distinguished work. inspired by this, Captain Tiago decides that he wants to put up a convent, financed by him personally. Maria Clara asks permission to go out with her young womanfriends and Ibarra. Captain Tiago reminds her to come home early because Friar Damaso will be joining them for supper. Along the way they meet an old leper. show up of pity, Maria Clara gives to the leper her scapular as a gift. The scapular and the leper are one of the elements of the Noli that connect it to the El Fili. Leprosy before was believed to be an incurable disease.Rizal refutes this in his second book, El Filibusterismo, when Basilio cures the leper who, as payment, gives the young doctor Maria Claras scapular. Developments in science and medicinal drug directly prove that Rizal is indeed correct. Chapter 28 A news reporter describes in the papers how the feast in San Diego was grand, fanciful, and unparalleled. Maria Clara writes to Ibarra, maladjusted because she didnt see him all afternoon. The rumors of him be sick leaves her extremely troubled. She asks that he visit her the following day. This chapter narrates events through the use of garner exchanged by the characters.It can be sight from the reporters writing that he injects his own opinions into the news. Chapter 29 The day of the fiesta starts with the sound of gongs and give the sackworks. Everyone is dressed at his or her best, with all the ornaments, trimmings, and frills everyone, that is, except Tasyo the Philosopher. All the people are excited to hear mass, curious to know what Friar Da masos oration will be about. In this chapter Rizal discusses the rationality for the christening of the Chinese. This is somewhat associate to their endeavors at acquiring Filipino citizenship Its all about business.Rizal further describes many more observations regarding religious celebrations in the Philippines, especially in the point of view of the church. Chapter 30 The cathedral is full-packed with churchgoers. Tasyo the Philosopher argues with the maestro regarding the generous heart and soul of money that Friar Damaso receives for delivering his talk. The mayor is late, and the mass does not start until after he arrives. Meanwhile, Maria Clara is seated near the altar there isnt much people around where she sits because this has been arranged for her by the sacristans as ordered by Friar Salvi.Ibarra situates himself in one corner. The speech finally starts, and Friar Damaso takes his place in the pulpit. He signals to another priest within his line of potty this pr iest dictates the friars treatment to him. In this chapter Rizal points out a number of things about the church (a) the holy wet, (b) the considerable attendance, (c) monetary compensation for the priest in charge of the sermon, (d) the joining in of children overly young to lowstand the service, (e) the late arrival of some people whose attendance is world waited on, and (f) self-infliction of pain as a form of penitence in order to earn indulgences.Chapter 31 Friar Damaso starts the sermon in Spanish. When the priest makes a certain communicate in the midpoint his speech, the sacristan figures that like Friar Salvi, Damaso wants to go on with the sermon in closed doors. later on the sacristan shuts the church entrance, it becomes so much hotter inside. As Friar Damaso proceeds with the sermon he goes on to make insinuations about Ibarra, whom he sees seated in one corner. The priests dictator becomes lost in his reading, since there are no notes written there regarding such vile accusations against the jejuneness.When time comes to start the second part of the sermon, which is in Tagalog, Damaso does not conduct it very well, thinking that none of the natives understand proper rhetoric. The friar overhears a student in the crowd together remark that the priest is probably dissertation Greek, and Damaso becomes furious. This ends in a heated argument after the mass. Elias approaches Ibarra right after the sermon ends and whispers, During the blessing, do not depart from where the parish priest (Friar Salvi) stands do not descend plenty the jab do not approach the cornerstone it is a matter of life and death. This is one of the chapters that contain a number of edited and deleted scenes and lines in other translations of the Noli. The sermon is commonly not given cod assist and interest. When this part of the mass starts most of the men head for the exit. However in this chapter, Rizal describes Friar Damasos sermon in a rather amusing way. It is obvious that the priest makes no sense whatsoever, ending a statement without making a point, connecting sentences and phrases that have no relation to each other, and the entirety of the sermon lacking digest on the theme at hand.The sermon has two parts the first one is in Spanish, and the second in Tagalog. Friar Damaso only prepares for the first part, which unfortunately also turns into a disaster when he inserts insinuating comments about Ibarra. Chapter 32 Nol Juan commends the great workmanship through by the yellowish man on the pulley. When asked where he wise to(p) such skills, the young replies that he was taught by his father who learn it from a Don Saturnino. He then smiles meaningfully. Elias, disguised as a local farmer, observes that the yellowish man is seemingly restless and apprehensive as he holds onto the rope of the pulley bearing the cornerstone.Elias positions himself beside the man in anticipation, and winks at Ibarra to remind the youth of the admonishment the former gave to him earlier during the mass. Later when Ibarra descends to the excavation, the vent of the pulley suddenly breaks, letting bighearted the cornerstone which crushes the yellowish man to death, but leaves Ibarra unharmed. An unfortunate beginning Tasyo the Philosopher remarks. The yellowish man is most likely suffering from malaria, which was a common disease during those days, or a disorder of the liver. Chapter 33 Ibarra heads home to change. Elias arrives. You salve my life before, and now I have returned the favor. there is no need for you to thank me, Sir, the man says to Ibarra. He goes on to remind him not to hint to those people in power the warning that Elias gave him earlier in the church. Elias explains that it would be better for Ibarra if his enemies thought he wasnt ready. Ibarra is stunned he had no idea he had enemies. We all have enemies, says Elias. Disagreement is a part of life. Elias then confesses to have jumped the yellowish m an into the excavation the moment the last mentioned(prenominal) tried to make a run for it.The character of Elias reveals more depth in this chapter. It can be said that he is no habitual man, but a philosopher. Chapter 34 Ibarra returns to the schoolhouse. He and the mayor are seated on either side of the long table at dinner. Also inattendanceare Captain Tiago, the alferez, and the town captain. Captain Tiago receives atelegram, informing him that the captain ecumenical will be visiting his house. Tiago excuses himself right away. The guests observe that Friar Damaso is not inattendance. Talk eventually c images on the priestssermonduring the mass.Only Friar Salvi remains silent and motionless in his seat. When Damaso finally arrives, the dinner is just about finished. The priest starts declaring insults with the intention of enraging and provoking Ibarra, but the youth remains prudent the entire time. However, when Damaso starts pesky the name of Don Rafael, Ibarra loses his composure and lunges at the priest,holdinga knife to his throat. Maria Clara s circus tents Ibarra before he could do further harm to the friar, causing the youth to drop the knife and leave the room in haste.The captain general is grownup, and found on the way Rizal introduces him in this chapter, it can be said that he is an honorable man. Chapter 35 countersign spreads about Ibarra and Friar Damasos eventful encounter. There are even rumors claiming that the friar is already dead. There are those who praise Ibarra, like Don Felipo, and those who find fault in the youths lack of prudence, like the town captain. Most of the mothers talk among themselves, assured that Ibarras soul is surely condemned to burn in hell after what he did to a man of God. There are other women, too, who are on his side.Most of the townspeople think that not only will Ibarra be excommunicated, he is also bound to be labeled a filibuster. Rizal makes use of the characters comments on the incident that happened the night before in order to clearly and creatively discuss the focus of this chapter. Chapter 36 Ibarra is excommunicated, as penalization for his cruel and shameful treatment of Friar Damaso. Maria Clara breaks down in tears, and Captain Tiago visits her in the convent. There, Damaso makes clear to Tiago that the planned marriage between Ibarra and Maria Clara is to be nullified. The captain general arrives.He calls for Maria Clara, who pacifys in solitude insider her room. When a man is excommunicated, he is not to be talked to or given notice by all who practice the Catholic faith. Friar Damaso is staying in the convent, which is the reason why he opts to meet with Tiago there. The captain general is staying at Captain Tiagos house. Chapter 37 The first person the captain general wishes to see is Ibarra. However, since the youth is tranquil to be called upon, his Excellency instead addresses the matter of the youth who had gone into a fight with Friar Damaso the day before, after he had insulted the sermon.When the general asks where Damaso is, he is told that the friar is sick-abed in the convent. His Excellency then speaks with Maria Clara. He thanks her for having stopped Ibarra from cleanup spot the damned priest, and asks her to name the reward she would wish to receive for such a noble act. Ibarra arrives shortly, and confers with the captain general. They exchange opinions and ideas, and the general grows very fond of the youth. His Excellency promises to talk with the Archbishop regarding Ibarras case so that the latters state of excommunication may be lifted.When the general speaks with Captain Tiago he inquires about Ibarras marriage with Maria Clara, and offers to be godfather during the wedding ceremony. Lieutenant Guevarra and the captain general are two of the Spaniards that Rizal speaks of highly in his Noli, proof that the novel is not a biased endeavor to attack Spain. Chapter 38 The captain walks together with the mayor, Cap tain Tiago, and Crisostomo Ibarra. They watch the procession from the captains terrace. When the statue of the unadulterated Mary passes by Tiagos house, Maria Clara sings Ave Maria in a melody so sad that would cause one to ponder upon the cause of such melancholy.In this chapter Rizal magnetic dips down his observations regarding the religious practices surrounding Catholic processions during that time, some of which are still presently observed in the Philippines. Chapter 39 In the houseof the alferez, allthe windowsare closed. Inside, servants and workers alike get the ominous feeling that the Dona Consolacion is again conjure up up an evil plan of some sort. Sisa, who was taken into custody for creating social unrest, has been in the barracks for two days now. She hears Maria Claras mournful song, and sings a sad lay herself. The civil guards stay silent, listening.Dona Consolacion hears the woman, and forces the latter to sing and dance for her own amusement. The alferez a rrives shortly, and commands his servant toclotheSisa, feed her, give her a sufficient bed for the night, and then bring her to Ibarra the following day. Dona Consolacion is one of the most hideous and sharp-worded characters created by Rizal. Chapter 40 All the people head towards the town plaza to assure the play. When the show starts the friars are already in their designated seats. Friar Salvi, however, does not see what is possibility on stage his full attention is focused on Maria Clara.After the first half of the play Ibarra arrives. Friar Salvi orders Don Felipo to prohibit Ibarra from watching the play, since the youth has been excommunicated, and his presence would corrupt the celebration. When Don Felipo refuses to follow the priests orders, Salvi motions to his companions and leaves. Rizal describes in vibrant detail the indigenous colors, customs, and traditions that surround the night of the fiesta. Chapter 41 While Ibarra passes time in his laboratory, Elias arriv es with the news of Maria Claras illness. The lady had evidently caught fever.Ibarra asks Elias how the latter was able to stop the riot the night before. Shortly after Elias leaves, Ibarra heads toward Captain Tiagos house to visit Maria Clara. Along the way he comes across Lucas, the brother of the yellowish man who had try to kill Ibarra, who asks him for money for his grieving family. Ibarra, aggravated, tells the man to return in the afternoon. Elias becomes like a slave who bids farewell to his master, Ibarra, by disguising his intentions git questions asking whether Crisostomo had other things he cherished him to do because Elias was actually taking a trip to Batangas.From the day Ibarra saved him from the crocodile, Elias had utilize hislifein service fully to the youth. Chapter 42 Maria Clara is ill. Dona Victorina and her husband arrive at Capitan Tiagos house. Don Tiburcio de Espadana is there on account of the girl, whom he had concur to treat after Tiago requested for his operate (Tiburcio is a Spaniard, who pretends to be a doctor). in concert with thecoupleis a young Spanish gentleman, Linares. This chapter recounts how Victorina came to marry her husband, how the latter got into the pretense of world a man of medicine, and a brief and amusing account of his woes.Here Rizal clearly depicts the true character of Dona Victorina. Captain Tiagos sycophancy is also shown in this chapter when he nearly kisses the hand of Linares, a man considered to be merely dust in Spain that has been cast away into the Philippine islands. Chapter 43 After Don Tiburcio de Espadana checks on Maria Clara and gives her aprescription, Friar Damaso arrives and talks with her. The priest is introduced to Linares, and conjures up a plan to arrange the youthsmarriageto Maria Clara. Meanwhile, Lucas is formulating a plan to harm Ibarra. Friar Salvi also has plans of his own.The scene where Friar Damaso tears up after seeing Maria Clara in such poor condition shows tha t still, he has a heart a fathers heart. Chapter 44 Friar Salvi is but with Maria Clara for the latters confession. The girl begins to feel well after a few hours, and according to Dona Victorina, it was all because of Don Tiburcios skill and expertise. Friar Salvi, on the other hand, says that it was because of her confession. When the friar leaves Maria Claras room, he appears rather pale and is cover in perspiration. Maria Clara did not have the chance to know her mother because the latter died right aftergiving birthto her.Despite the many guesses as to what truly accounted for Maria Claras fast recovery, it was in fact the medicine that Ibarra sent her through Sinang that did the trick. Rizal describes a number ofCatholictraditions in this chapter. Chapter 45 Just like Elias had told Ibarra, he leaves for Batangas in search of Captain Pablo. He finds the man weak and wounded in the middle of a forest. Elias persuades Pablo to go with him and live a freelifebut the latter refu ses, saying that he cannot turn his back from the life he has do for himself, that of a man uplift but still fighting for his principles and his honor.The allusion Pablo among the rebels in the mountains is coined from the name of Captain Pablo. Elias and Captain Pablo share the same methods of riot spare the innocent. Chapter 46 It is Sunday, and virtually everyone is in the cockpit. Two brothers, Tarsilo and Bruno, are among the audience. They wish to place their bets and join the fun, but they have no money with them. Lucas approaches the two boys and offers them cash, reminding them of the vengeance they have to exact upon those who caused the death of their beloved father and inviting them to join him in a rising he isplanningto start.The boys refuse. Later on, the brothers see Lucas talking to Pedro, the father of Basilio and Crispin. Eventually Tarsilo and his brother decide to join Lucas in his undertaking. harmonise to Lucas, the insubordination is Ibarras idea. Th e boys leave after each getting thirty pesos from the man, agreeing to meet at the cemetery at eight in the evening. The character Captain Pablo in Batangas is different from the Captain Pablo in the cockpit. Pedro is Sisas husband. In this chapter Rizal scrutinizes cockfighting. Chapter 47 While walk with her husband, Dona Victorina flashes her eccentric clothes about town.The de Espadanas pass by the house of the alferez. Dona Consolacion, the alferezs wife, mocks Victorina, and this ends in a heated argument. To defend her honor, Victorina prods Linares to altercate the alferez to a duel. When it comes to character development, this chapter is at the top of the list. Dona Victorina, Dona Consolacion, Don Tiburcio de Espadana, and Captain Tiago are never-failing caricatures created by Rizal that have made an double-dyed(a) mark in Philippine literature. The character featured in this chapter is Dona Victorina. The quarrel between the two women (Victorina and Consolacion) is des cribed in clean satire. Chapter 48The archbishop grants pardon toIbarraand removes the penalty of excommunication. Crisostomo feels a bunco of jealousy when he sees Maria Clara with Linares. He proceeds to visit his schoolhouse, which is stillunder construction. The architect updates him on the recent progress of the building. Ibarraspots Elias helping out in the construction, and requests to see the full list of workers. The architect leaves, andIbarraapproaches Elias. Elias asks if he could speak with him later in the afternoon by the river, andIbarraagrees. Elias walks away, and Nol Juan approachesIbarra, handing over to him the list of workers.Eliass name is not there. The term taguling refers to a narrow canal where water flows through land. Chapter 49 Ibarra goes to the seaside where he had agreed to meet with Elias. Elias tells him of the purpose of the meeting to address the concerns and needs of those who are hunted and persecuted. He asks Ibarra to find a way to diminis hthe powerof the friars and the civil guards. Ibarra refuses. concord to him, the friars and the civil guards are necessary evils. In this chapter Rizal explains what it means to love ones country. It is here that the character of Elias finds more color and depth. Chapter 50Elias narrates his story and the unfortunate lives of his ancestors, upon Ibarras request. sixty years had passed. Eliass great- grandad worked as a bookkeeper for a Spanish businessman. When a fire broke out in the workhouse, he was incriminate of arson and was sentenced to be flogged in the streets. This left him crippled. In order to contribute for the family his wife, stillwith child, was forced to enter into prostitution. wizard of their sons turned to thievery and lived the life of a bandit. Their other son eventuallymarrieda rich woman, and together they had two children twins Elias and his sister, who were both educated in Manila.However, the familys dark past surfaced eventually, and Elias and his sister lost all that they had. The girlkilled herself, and Elias was left alone to wander the streets as a hunted man. Eliass Family Tree Chapter 51 Dona Victorina writes to Linares, who is currently still living in Captain Tiagos house. She tells him that it is imperative that the lad will have already dueled with the alferez after three days. If this plan does not urge through, she says, she will tell Tiago of the youths lies and pretenses. Ibarra arrives. He secretly asks Sinang to find a way for him to talk with Maria Clara privately.Dona Victorinas letter is a clear picture of the present condition the deliberate use of a foreign language in which one is not well versed. Dona Victorina repeatedly speaks and writes in Spanish although her grammar and use of the language is rather pitiful. At present many locals deliberately speak English when they know their skill in its use requires much improvement. Linares regrets agreeing to Dona Victorinas demands of pretending to be an honorable Spaniard and secretary to the minister just to gain Captain Tiagos favor. straight off the woman is threatening to reveal all his rotten lies.Chapter 52 The road to the cemetery is narrow the moon is hiding keister dark clouds. Three men are talking. Have you speak to Elias? says one. No, comes the reply. But Elias is include because he saved Ibarras life. He brought my wife to a doctor says the first speaker, so I consented. A few minutes later, Lucas arrives and instructs them to attack the barracks and the church. Elias, after spotting on Lucas, finds out about the plan that will implicate Ibarra. Chapter 53 News spreads about the flickering lights and the moving shadows in the cemetery.Tasyo the Philosopher, bedridden at that time, converses with Captain Felipo who has belatedly resigned from office. Tasyo wishes the mayor to continue in his fight. They also talk about the issue concerning the trouble with the civil guards, the friars, and the youth. The philoso pher predicts his death, which he says will come in a few days. The people presume that it was the souls in purgatory mourning over their dead that lighted the candles in the cemetery. There was only one light that night, fromthe matchthat Elias used to see hiscompanions.Tasyo the Philosopher is already slashed by his condition. The original title of this chapter is Il Buon Di Si Conosce Da Mattina, meaning that if the morning is beautiful, the rest of the day will be also. The circumstances ofthe presentwill echo what becomes of the future. It was Tasyo who advised Don Felipo to resign from office when the latter lost against the friars in fend for his plans for the town fiesta. Chapter 54 The angelus plays, and people pause to pray. But Friar Salvi continues to walk toward the house of the alferez. The two enemies talk.Salvi tells the alferez that he had wise(p) through a confession that there was a plan of rebellion ensuing, and that the latter should ready his men. Friar Sal vi requests from him soldiers to guard the church. Meanwhile, Elias rushes to Ibarras house and explains that the plot had already been discovered, and Ibarra was accused of leading the rebellion. Elias without delay tells him to run and escape, but not before burning all the documents, letters, and any evidence that would implicate him. In one of these letters, Elias discovers that it was Ibarras great grandfather who had accused his great grandfather of arson.Eliaslivesfor only one purpose To find and exact vengeance on the descendants of that cruel Spaniard who accused his great grandfather of a crime without any proof, which had then been the cause of his familys disgrace. He now discovers that the man he was searching for was Crisostomo Ibarra. Chapter 55 Tiago, Isabel, Linares, and the others, are having dinner at Captain Tiagos house. Sinang whispers to Maria Clara, who is seated by the easygoing and had refused to eat. Friar Salvi is pacing back and forth across the living room. Ibarra hears shots fired near the convent. He rushes toward Captain Tiagos house.When Ibarra returns to his house, the civil guards arrest him. Elias then enters the empty billet and burns all the evidence that could concerned Ibarra in the failed rebellion. Sinang and Maria Claras other friends are aware of Friar Salvis affections for the young maiden. The moon does not expunge too brightly that night. Chapter 56 A child looks out the window to value the condition outside, and his mother scolds him. Manang Puti opens her windows, and so does Manang Rufa. The two women talk. They suspect that the rebellion was headed by Captain Pablo. Rumor has it that Don Felipo was arrested.Some say that the civil guards had revolted in the barracks, and that Friar Salvi had attacked the alferez. Word spreads that Ibarra had ruin his entire house down. They had surveyed Ibarras house. They say that the youth was plotting to kill Friar Salvi. Word has it around town that Ibarra is a crimi nal, and that this was because of his liberal education in Spain. In the characters conversations Rizal shows clearly to the readers why rumors always spread fast and grow. It is because every case-by-case person who hears the news inserts his own opinions and thoughts and adds it to the original story.Opinions and guesses are apace taken as facts. Chapter 56 Tarsilo and Andong are persecuted. Of allthe menwho attacked the barracks, they were the only ones who made it alive. Tarsilo declares that he had not once utter to Crisostomo Ibarra. The only reason he coupled the attack was to avenge his fathers death. Tarsilo is tortured. After Tarsilo dies without confessing anything of use, Andong is questioned. Andong is terrified of his companions fate, and says that he will speak. The reason, he admits, why he was there by the barracks was because his in-laws gave him only rotten food and nothing befitting to eat.In this chapter Rizal shows the heroic acts of one Tarsilo, a man who knows how to fight and die with honor. It is helpful to look upon what Friar Salvi says I do not wish to face them yet I am not well in ravel when he stands oppositethe menarrested. Friar Salvi is included in the mental testing because during that time, the church and the state were linked. Chapter 57 Tarsilo and Andong are persecuted. Of all the men who attacked the barracks, they were the only ones who made it alive. Tarsilo declares that he had not once spoken to Crisostomo Ibarra. The only reason he join the attack was to avenge his fathers death. Tarsilo is tortured.After Tarsilo dies without confessing anything of use, Andong is questioned. Andong is terrified of his companions fate, and says that he will speak. The reason, he admits, why he was there by the barracks was because his in-laws gave him only rotten food and nothing decent to eat. In this chapter Rizal shows the heroic acts of one Tarsilo, a man who knows how to fight and die with honor. It is helpful to conco ct what Friar Salvi says I do not wish to face them yet I am not well in trial when he stands opposite the men arrested. Friar Salvi is included in the trial because during that time, the church and the state were linked.Chapter 58 The relatives of those caught during the rebellion break down in tears. Aling Doray, with her child, sobs waiting for Don Felipo. Capt. Tinay and the others weep for their sons and husbands. Andongs mother-in-law speaks out in anger. When the twenty prisoners are taken outside at two in the afternoon, all of them are tied up except for Ibarra. All the people sentence him for the dark fate of their loved ones in captivity. Ibarra does not have a single friend in the crowd. Not even Nol Juan, the schoolteacher, or Captain Basilio is in sight.From a hilltop, Tasyo the Philosopher watch the prisoners leave. He couldnt go to them because of his ill health. The following day Tasyo is found dead. Chapter 59 The many corporations celebrate Friar Salvis triumphan t discovery of the rebellion. The people in thegovernmentand the church hope for a big promotion of their offices because of the winning efforts to put a stop to the revolt. The friars blame it all on the Jesuits, who they claim had messed with the minds of the youth. Captain Tinong is restless and worried that he ability also be arrested simply for being Ibarras acquaintance.Word spreads around Manila that all the praises about Ibarras schoolhouse are false it is actually a place for the rebels, a tower of rebellion. Don Primitivo is a caricature created by Rizal, similar to Captain Basilio and Dona Victorina He always speaks in Latin, but people do not understand a word he says. The friars hold a great celebration in honor of Friar Salvi and his discovery of an uprising through Holy Confession. Chapter 60 Captain Tiago is the only wealthy man who isnt in jail. Captain Tinong is freed, but is abysmally ill and does not want to go out of the house.Dona Victorina, Don Tiburcio, and Linares arrive at Captain Tiagos house. Victorina and Tiago agree that Linares and Maria Clara wed the soonest time possible, and Tiago immediately attends to the wedding preparations the following day. Maria Clara goes to the azotea and sees Ibarra leap out from a rowboat nearby. Ibarra climbs up the azotea and tells the maiden how he feels she has betrayed her but has so far already forgiven her. Maria Clara stops him, and explains her present circumstances. She swears to Ibarra that she had fallen and will fall in love only once and with him.For a girl, just like Maria Clara, the love of a mother is of vital importance. Maria Clara knows that it was not confession but the medicine that Ibarra gave her through Sinang that cured her illness. Chapter 61 well-mannered guards to after Ibarra and Elias on the lake in hot pursuit. Elias jumps off the boat to mislead the men, saving Ibarras life. In spite of Eliass sad fate no love, no happiness he still wishes to stay and suffer and die in his motherland. In this chapter is natural Simoun of El Filibusterismo, a man poisoned by misfortune and repays it with violence and mercilessness to his countrymen.Chapter 62 Many gifts are offered for Maria Claras wedding to Linares. Friar Damaso arrives, cheerful. He notices, however, that the maiden is rather pale and distraught. Maria Clara cries on his shoulders and asks him to tell Captain Tiago to call off the wedding. She tells him of her last encounter with Ibarra on the azotea, but leaves out the part about knowing the true story of her birth. She tells Damaso that as long as Ibarra was alive she was instinctive to suffer, content with hearing the occasional mention of his name.But now that he is gone she had learned that Ibarra was killed as he tried to escape the guards she no longer has any reason to suffer. She asks Friar Damaso to grant her permission to enter the nunnery, and, after much hesitation, the priest consents. News has already spread that Ibarra was killed in the lake. Even if a man is of pure Spanish descent, if he is born in the Philippines, he is regarded as lower than those who are born in Spain. Chapter 63 Basilio returns to San Diego to look for his mother, Sisa. This search ends in the forest of the Ibarras, where Sisa dies shortly after recognizing her son.Minutes later, a weak and wounded Elias arrives and orders Basilio to incinerate the two bodies (Eliass and Sisas). In this chapter the readers catch a glimpse of the characters that will be leading the El Filibusterismo, sequel to Rizals Noli. The town of San Diego now has a new parish priest and a new alferez. This is one of the saddest chapters in the entire novel. Basilio reunites with his mother but the two of them do not even get a chance to speak with each other. And it was Christmas Eve. Chapter 64 This chapter narrates what happened to the characters following the precedent events.Friar Damaso is assigned to another town. The following day he is found dead. It is suspected that he suffered a heart attack. Friar Salvi ofttimes delivers sermons at the convent of Sta. Clara where Maria Clara is staying. Captain Tiago drowns himself in gambling, cockfighting, and opium. He lost his will to attend mass the moment Maria Clara entered the convent. Dona Victorina is enjoying the Spanish life even more. Don Tiburcio is frequently found without his dentures. Linares dies of dysentery. The alferez returns to Spain, leaving his wife. Maria Clara is measly at the convent.